dt class="dlterm">Subexponer color
Busca la información de color de cada canal y oscurece el color base para reflejar el color de fusión aumentando el contraste. Fusionar con blanco no produce cambios.

Subexposición lineal
Busca la información de color de cada canal y oscurece el color base para reflejar el color de fusión disminuyendo el brillo. Fusionar con blanco no produce cambios.

Aclarar
Busca la información de color de cada canal y selecciona el color base o el de fusión, el que sea más claro, como color resultante. Los píxeles más oscuros que el color de fusión se reemplazarán y los más claros no cambiarán.

Trama
Busca la información de color de cada canal y multiplica los colores contrarios al color base y al de fusión. El color resultante siempre es un color más claro. Tramar con negro no cambia el color. Tramar con blanco genera blanco. El efecto es similar al que se obtiene al proyectar varias diapositivas una encima de otra.

Sobreexponer color
Busca la información de color de cada canal e ilumina el color base para reflejar el color de fusión disminuyendo el contraste. Fusionar con negro no produce cambios.

Sobreexposición lineal (Añadir)
Busca la información de color de cada canal e ilumina el color base para reflejar el color de fusión aumentando el brillo. Fusionar con negro no produce cambios.

Superponer
Multiplica o trama los colores, dependiendo del color base. Los motivos o los colores se superponen sobre los píxeles existentes al mismo tiempo que se mantienen las iluminaciones y las sombras del color base. El color de fusión no sustituye al color base, pero sí se mezcla con él para reflejar la luminosidad u oscuridad del color original.

Luz suave
Oscurece o aclara los colores, dependiendo del color de fusión. El efecto es similar al que se obtiene al iluminar la imagen con un foco difuso. Si el color de fusión (origen de la luz) es más claro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se aclarará como si estuviera sobreexpuesta. Si el color de fusión es más oscuro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se oscurecerá como si se quemara. Pintar con colores blancos o negros puros produce un área mucho más oscura o clara, pero no da como resultado blancos o negros puros.

Luz fuerte
Multiplica o trama los colores, dependiendo del color de fusión. El efecto es similar al que se obtiene al iluminar la imagen con un foco intenso. Si el color de fusión (origen de la luz) es más claro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se aclarará como si se tramara. Esto resulta útil para añadir iluminaciones a una imagen. Si el color de fusión es más oscuro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se oscurecerá como si se multiplicara. Esto resulta útil para añadir sombras a una imagen. Pintar con negros o blancos puros genera negros o blancos puros.

Luz intensa
Subexpone o sobreexpone los colores aumentando o disminuyendo el contraste, dependiendo del color de fusión. Si el color de fusión (origen de la luz) es más claro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se aclarará disminuyendo el contraste. Si el color de fusión es más oscuro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se oscurecerá aumentando el contraste.

Luz lineal
Subexpone o sobreexpone los colores aumentando o disminuyendo el brillo, dependiendo del color de fusión. Si el color de fusión (origen de la luz) es más claro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se aclarará aumentando el brillo. Si el color de fusión es más oscuro que un 50% de gris, la imagen se oscurecerá disminuyendo el brillo.

Luz focal
Reemplaza el color, dependiendo del color de fusión. Si el color de fusión (origen de la luz) es más claro que un 50% de gris, los píxeles más oscuros que el color de fusión se reemplazarán y los más claros no cambiarán. Si el color de fusión es más oscuro que un 50% de gris, los píxeles más claros que el color de fusión se reemplazarán y los más oscuros no cambiarán. Esto resulta útil para añadir efectos especiales a una imagen.

Mezcla definida
Añade los valores de los canales rojo, verde y azul del color de fusión a los valores RGB del color base. Si la suma resultante en algún canal es igual o superior a 255, recibe el valor 255; en cambio, si es inferior a 255, el valor recibido es 0. Por lo tanto, todos los píxeles fusionados cuentan con 0 ó 255 como valores de los canales rojo, verde y azul. Así, todos los píxeles se cambian a los colores primarios: rojo, verde, azul, cian, amarillo, magenta, blanco o negro.

Diferencia
Busca la información de color de cada canal y resta el color de fusión del color base, o al contrario, dependiendo de cuál tenga mayor valor de brillo. Fusionar con blanco invierte los valores del color base; fusionar con negro no produce cambios.

Exclusión
Crea un efecto similar pero más bajo de contraste que el modo Diferencia. Fusionar con blanco invierte los valores del color base. Fusionar con negro no produce cambios.

Tono
Crea un color resultante con la luminancia y la saturación del color base y el tono del color de fusión.

Saturación
Crea un color resultante con la luminancia y el tono del color base y la saturación del color de fusión. Pintar con este modo en un área sin saturación (0) (gris) no provoca cambios.

Color
Crea un color resultante con la luminancia del color base y el tono y la saturación del color de fusión. Los niveles de gris de la imagen se mantienen y resulta útil para colorear imágenes monocromas y matizar imágenes de color.

Luminosidad
Crea un color resultante con el tono y la saturación del color base y la luminancia del color de fusión. Este modo crea el efecto contrario al modo Color.

Color más claro
Compara el total de los valores de todos los canales tanto para el color fusionado como para el color base y muestra el color cuyo valor sea más elevado. El modo Color más claro no produce ningún otro color distinto que pueda ser el resultado de la fusión Aclarar ya que selecciona los valores de canal más altos tanto del color fusionado como del color base para crear el color resultante.

Color más oscuro
Compara el total de los valores de todos los canales tanto para el color fusionado como para el color base y muestra el color cuyo valor sea más bajo. El modo Color más oscuro no produce ningún otro color distinto que pueda ser el resultado de la fusión Oscurecer ya que selecciona los valores de canal más bajos tanto del color fusionado como del color base para crear el color resultante.

ng with the Pen tools

Draw with the Freeform Pen tool

The Freeform Pen tool lets you draw as if you were drawing with a pencil on paper. Anchor points are added automatically as you draw. You do not determine where the points are positioned, but you can adjust them once the path is complete. To draw with greater precision, use the Pen tool.

  1. Select the Freeform Pen tool .

  2. To control how sensitive the final path is to the movement of your mouse or stylus, click the inverted arrow next to the shape buttons in the options bar, and enter a value between 0.5 and 10.0 pixels for Curve Fit. A higher value creates a simpler path with fewer anchor points.

  3. Drag the pointer in the image. As you drag, a path trails behind the pointer. When you release the mouse, a work path is created.

  4. To continue the existing freehand path, position the pen pointer on an end point of the path, and drag.

  5. To complete the path, release the mouse. To create a closed path, drag the line to the initial point of the path (a circle appears next to the pointer when it is aligned).

Adobe Photoshop CS4 * Adjust hue and saturation
   PDF (adobe.com)

Adjust hue and saturation



Hue/Saturation lets you adjust the hue, saturation, and lightness of a specific range of colors in an image or simultaneously adjust all the colors in an image. This adjustment is especially good for fine-tuning colors in a CMYK image so that they are in the gamut of an output device.

You can save Hue/Saturation settings in the Adjustments panel and load them for reuse in other images. For more information, see Save adjustment settings and Reapply adjustment settings.

Apply Hue/Saturation adjustment

  1. Do one of the following:
    • Click the Hue/Saturation icon  or a Hue/Saturation preset in the Adjustments panel.

    • Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Hue/Saturation. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box. The two color bars in the dialog box represent the colors in their order on the color wheel. The upper color bar shows the color before the adjustment; the lower bar shows how the adjustment affects all of the hues at full saturation.

    Note: You can also choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. But keep in mind that this method makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information.
  2. In the Adjustments panel, choose which colors to adjust using the Edit pop-up menu:
    • Choose Master to adjust all colors at once.

    • Choose one of the other preset color ranges listed for the color you want to adjust. To modify the color range, see Adjust hue and saturation.

  3. For Hue, enter a value or drag the slider until you are satisfied with the colors.

    The values displayed in the box reflect the number of degrees of rotation around the wheel from the original color of the pixel. A positive value indicates clockwise rotation; a negative value, counterclockwise rotation. Values can range from ‑180 to +180.

    Color wheel

    A.
    Saturation

    B.
    Hue

    You can also select the On-image adjustment tool  in the Adjustments panel and then Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) on a color in the image. Drag left or right in the image to modify the hue value.
  4. For Saturation, enter a value or drag the slider to the right to increase the saturation or to the left to decrease it.

    The color shifts away from or toward the center of the color wheel. Values can range from ‑100 (percentage of desaturation, duller colors) to +100 (percentage of saturation increase).

    You can also , select the On-image adjustment tool  in the Adjustments panel and click on a color in the image. Drag left or right in the image to decrease or increase saturation of the color range that includes the pixel you clicked.
  5. For Lightness, enter a value or drag the slider to the right to increase the lightness (add white to a color) or to the left to decrease it (add black to a color). Values can range from ‑100 (percentage of black) to +100 (percentage of white).
    Note: Click the Reset button  to undo a Hue/Saturation setting in the Adjustments panel.

Specify the range of colors adjusted in the Hue/Saturation adjustment

  1. Do one of the following:
    • Click the Hue/Saturation icon  in the Adjustments panel.

    • Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Hue/Saturation. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box.

    Note: You can also choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. But keep in mind that this method makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information.
  2. In the Adjustments panel, choose a color from the menu just above the sliders.

    Four color wheel values (in degrees) appear in the Adjustments panel. They correspond to the adjustment sliders that appear between the color bars. The two inner vertical sliders define the color range. The two outer triangle sliders show where the adjustments on a color range “fall off” (fall‑off is a feathering or tapering of the adjustments instead of a sharply defined on/off application of the adjustments).

  3. Use either the eyedropper tools or the adjustment sliders to modify the range of colors.
    • Click or drag in the image with the Eyedropper tool  to select a color range. To expand the range, click or drag in the image with the Add To Sample Eyedropper tool . To reduce the range of color, click or drag in the image with the Subtract From Sample Eyedropper tool . While an eyedropper tool is selected, you can also press Shift to add to the range, or Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) to subtract from it.

    • Drag one of the white triangle sliders to adjust the amount of color fall‑off (feathering of adjustment) without affecting the range.

    • Drag the area between the triangle and the vertical bar to adjust the range without affecting the amount of fall‑off.

    • Drag the center area to move the entire adjustment slider (which includes the triangles and vertical bars) to select a different color area.

    • Drag one of the vertical white bars to adjust the range of the color component. Moving a vertical bar from the center of the adjustment slider and closer to a triangle increases the color range and decreases the fall‑off. Moving a vertical bar closer to the center of the adjustment slider and away from a triangle decreases the color range and increases the fall‑off.

    • Ctrl-drag (Windows) or Command-drag (Mac OS) the color bar so that a different color is in the center of the bar.

    Hue/Saturation adjustment slider

    A.
    Hue slider values

    B.
    Adjusts fall‑off without affecting range

    C.
    Adjusts range without affecting fall‑off

    D.
    Adjusts range of color and fall‑off

    E.
    Moves entire slider

    If you modify the adjustment slider so that it falls into a different color range, the name in the Edit menu changes to reflect this change. For example, if you choose Yellow and alter its range so that it falls in the red part of the color bar, the name changes to Red 2. You can convert up to six of the individual color ranges to varieties of the same color range (for example, Red through Red 6).

    Note: By default, the range of color selected when you choose a color component is 30° wide, with 30° of fall‑off on either side. Setting the fall‑off too low can produce banding in the image.

Colorize a grayscale image or create a monotone effect

  1. If you are colorizing a grayscale image, choose Image > Mode > RGB Color to convert the image to RGB.
  2. Do one of the following to access the Hue/Saturation adjustment:
    • Click the Hue/Saturation icon  in the Adjustments panel.

    • Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Hue/Saturation. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box.

    Note: You can also choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. But keep in mind that this method makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information.
  3. Select the Colorize option. If the foreground color is black or white, the image is converted to a red hue (0°). If the foreground color is not black or white, the image is converted to the hue of the current foreground color. The lightness value of each pixel does not change.
  4. (Optional) Use the Hue slider to select a new color. Use the Saturation and Lightness sliders to adjust the saturation and lightness of the pixels.
O ѧNaA$"GWt:ku[R=|`HA-߯,yA*b 7hq2āR>Su<89?YE;B$QPi)|_Ї6b5!U:ZtC]{vI?nF2.Qu\h,Vtx et$K(g4BF?s b2^ m|Lwhr=Bu5-* Z2M7w6+=CaRU}RѡiSrB"kbJbg=}J lpy*då\qK r.|>_2 pՌ >_8{0AgE8~ThfgQCU <_Ih$iFYUM[skjgA(8D#c(h;J|y!7/\obi?$sz1 hOl\4s+>07C>*#a3 S`6p =`4 C]2p:L&C~wt8y/|a.\-ip׉˘/)Wjklc8+D+[GFezRX_Xק. ̻x[F1x"L\H ` :ncYd">4mxp}(}e2E[<HrBcyL4^kefFaԒ< q$l'mH@llKjP}Y@5Y<@.7pD%9)y:~<%NJHEGp=*d[+xr[ӹ9L^ hpхYk!!* fvP,9_R=zT!L0piN^,_^)vg~st;& >Svst^^i,aa{GSƕ)}J"5PCŠ^˴룝!R Hݮs9\q'6LBy;\6jq6cw=do{0.䖜~!ڢd˥2^3>#h1_Ki^7apNG3ҝ*Lj-]OwK܀ZR7{ԌXJ"(ŖenjԫtW)d惫&<7v?^QuchZp?kւ\Js٢WUt= P`7)YJ~)f(i#ۀ7g@<M=؃N_` p eK/Ne%Z"gZ'&\3! Wײ$B[5ގde 6XbbIf Adobe Photoshop CS4 * Adjust hue and saturation
   PDF (adobe.com)

Adjust hue and saturation



Hue/Saturation lets you adjust the hue, saturation, and lightness of a specific range of colors in an image or simultaneously adjust all the colors in an image. This adjustment is especially good for fine-tuning colors in a CMYK image so that they are in the gamut of an output device.

You can save Hue/Saturation settings in the Adjustments panel and load them for reuse in other images. For more information, see Save adjustment settings and Reapply adjustment settings.

Apply Hue/Saturation adjustment

  1. Do one of the following:
    • Click the Hue/Saturation icon  or a Hue/Saturation preset in the Adjustments panel.

    • Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Hue/Saturation. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box. The two color bars in the dialog box represent the colors in their order on the color wheel. The upper color bar shows the color before the adjustment; the lower bar shows how the adjustment affects all of the hues at full saturation.

    Note: You can also choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. But keep in mind that this method makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information.
  2. In the Adjustments panel, choose which colors to adjust using the Edit pop-up menu:
    • Choose Master to adjust all colors at once.

    • Choose one of the other preset color ranges listed for the color you want to adjust. To modify the color range, see Adjust hue and saturation.

  3. For Hue, enter a value or drag the slider until you are satisfied with the colors.

    The values displayed in the box reflect the number of degrees of rotation around the wheel from the original color of the pixel. A positive value indicates clockwise rotation; a negative value, counterclockwise rotation. Values can range from ‑180 to +180.

    Color wheel

    A.
    Saturation

    B.
    Hue

    You can also select the On-image adjustment tool  in the Adjustments panel and then Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) on a color in the image. Drag left or right in the image to modify the hue value.
  4. For Saturation, enter a value or drag the slider to the right to increase the saturation or to the left to decrease it.

    The color shifts away from or toward the center of the color wheel. Values can range from ‑100 (percentage of desaturation, duller colors) to +100 (percentage of saturation increase).

    You can also , select the On-image adjustment tool  in the Adjustments panel and click on a color in the image. Drag left or right in the image to decrease or increase saturation of the color range that includes the pixel you clicked.
  5. For Lightness, enter a value or drag the slider to the right to increase the lightness (add white to a color) or to the left to decrease it (add black to a color). Values can range from ‑100 (percentage of black) to +100 (percentage of white).
    Note: Click the Reset button  to undo a Hue/Saturation setting in the Adjustments panel.

Specify the range of colors adjusted in the Hue/Saturation adjustment

  1. Do one of the following:
    • Click the Hue/Saturation icon  in the Adjustments panel.

    • Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Hue/Saturation. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box.

    Note: You can also choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. But keep in mind that this method makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information.
  2. In the Adjustments panel, choose a color from the menu just above the sliders.

    Four color wheel values (in degrees) appear in the Adjustments panel. They correspond to the adjustment sliders that appear between the color bars. The two inner vertical sliders define the color range. The two outer triangle sliders show where the adjustments on a color range “fall off” (fall‑off is a feathering or tapering of the adjustments instead of a sharply defined on/off application of the adjustments).

  3. Use either the eyedropper tools or the adjustment sliders to modify the range of colors.
    • Click or drag in the image with the Eyedropper tool  to select a color range. To expand the range, click or drag in the image with the Add To Sample Eyedropper tool . To reduce the range of color, click or drag in the image with the Subtract From Sample Eyedropper tool . While an eyedropper tool is selected, you can also press Shift to add to the range, or Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) to subtract from it.

    • Drag one of the white triangle sliders to adjust the amount of color fall‑off (feathering of adjustment) without affecting the range.

    • Drag the area between the triangle and the vertical bar to adjust the range without affecting the amount of fall‑off.

    • Drag the center area to move the entire adjustment slider (which includes the triangles and vertical bars) to select a different color area.

    • Drag one of the vertical white bars to adjust the range of the color component. Moving a vertical bar from the center of the adjustment slider and closer to a triangle increases the color range and decreases the fall‑off. Moving a vertical bar closer to the center of the adjustment slider and away from a triangle decreases the color range and increases the fall‑off.

    • Ctrl-drag (Windows) or Command-drag (Mac OS) the color bar so that a different color is in the center of the bar.

    Hue/Saturation adjustment slider

    A.
    Hue slider values

    B.
    Adjusts fall‑off without affecting range

    C.
    Adjusts range without affecting fall‑off

    D.
    Adjusts range of color and fall‑off

    E.
    Moves entire slider

    If you modify the adjustment slider so that it falls into a different color range, the name in the Edit menu changes to reflect this change. For example, if you choose Yellow and alter its range so that it falls in the red part of the color bar, the name changes to Red 2. You can convert up to six of the individual color ranges to varieties of the same color range (for example, Red through Red 6).

    Note: By default, the range of color selected when you choose a color component is 30° wide, with 30° of fall‑off on either side. Setting the fall‑off too low can produce banding in the image.

Colorize a grayscale image or create a monotone effect

  1. If you are colorizing a grayscale image, choose Image > Mode > RGB Color to convert the image to RGB.
  2. Do one of the following to access the Hue/Saturation adjustment:
    • Click the Hue/Saturation icon  in the Adjustments panel.

    • Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Hue/Saturation. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box.

    Note: You can also choose Image > Adjustments > Hue/Saturation. But keep in mind that this method makes direct adjustments to the image layer and discards image information.
  3. Select the Colorize option. If the foreground color is black or white, the image is converted to a red hue (0°). If the foreground color is not black or white, the image is converted to the hue of the current foreground color. The lightness value of each pixel does not change.
  4. (Optional) Use the Hue slider to select a new color. Use the Saturation and Lightness sliders to adjust the saturation and lightness of the pixels.
 
NM§cW]y+6.8(=8+B=\Q*'dRzb|{&xL`>|(jPϫ;w+z|R2]6w5 c `ho*F0jzqv]l␪K?#f[qwĵ_1%֚jCg^/%},8u.n@y0ֺ]VhQ`mre5 k*<; >8,NKl5kI #_x [4 %篜z뒪{} }^hګj7vb fp?lHv1?؉*jK0;*2(Fpe8pTYVdǸTĭ#d>Th>+yYXP{ vV,@;ABQ x py95XHP3JSu\#ӈK;^]X|}v`9Owk& Adobe Photoshop CS4 * Adjust hue and saturation